What is the function of the nail matrix?

• A. It produces the cells that become the nail plate and drives nail growth
• B. It stores moisture for the nail
• C. It shapes the nail plate by physical pressure
• D. It seals the nail groove to prevent infection

Answer: (A)

The nail matrix is the growth zone that continually produces the cells that become the nail plate. This tissue sits under the proximal nail fold and, as it generates new keratinocytes, those cells harden to form the nail plate. As new cells push outward, the nail grows longer. If the matrix is damaged, growth can slow or the nail may develop abnormal features because the production of the plate is disrupted. The other options don’t describe what the matrix does: storage of moisture, shaping the nail by pressure, or sealing the nail groove are not functions of the matrix.